Ear tubes (also called tympanostomy tubes, grommets, or ventilation tubes) are tiny cylinders placed through the eardrum (tympanic membrane) to help drain fluid and allow air into the middle ear.

Why they’re used

They’re most often placed in children (but sometimes adults) who have:

• Recurrent ear infections (otitis media)
• Persistent fluid in the middle ear causing hearing loss
• Poor Eustachian tube function

How they work

• Normally, the Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, equalizing pressure and draining fluid.
• When it’s blocked (often in kids due to smaller anatomy), fluid builds up.
• Ear tubes bypass the Eustachian tube, keeping the middle ear ventilated and dry.

Procedure

• Usually done under general anesthesia in children; in adults, local anesthesia may be enough.
• A tiny cut (myringotomy) is made in the eardrum.
• The fluid is suctioned out.
• The tube is inserted to keep the opening patent.
• Procedure takes 10–15 minutes.

Aftercare

• Tubes usually stay in place for 6–18 months and then fall out on their own.
• Avoiding dirty water in ears (like lakes) may be recommended.
• Follow-up hearing tests are common.

Benefits

• Reduces frequency/severity of infections.
• Improves hearing by removing fluid.
• Prevents chronic middle ear problems.

Risks

• Minor: drainage from the ear (otorrhea)
• Rare: scarring on the eardrum, permanent hole after tube falls out, repeat procedures needed.